<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;background-color:transparent">On Thu, Jun 25, 2026 at 6:15 PM Brent Allsop via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="">> </span>does a hole in a tape equal ON or OFF?</i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b>That question<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>is <span class="gmail_default" style="">of </span>absolutely <u>no importance</u> because<span class="gmail_default" style=""></span> either will work equally well<span class="gmail_default" style="">.</span><span class="gmail_default" style=""> The only important thing is that "on" is different from "off", and zero is different from 1, and having a hole in a tape is different from not having a hole in a tape. </span></b></font></div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><b><br></b></font><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It is a brute physical fact that some strawberries are 'red' (because they reflect light in a particular way).</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="">No.</span> <span class="gmail_default" style="">T</span>hat is <span class="gmail_default" style="">NOT</span> a brute fact<span class="gmail_default" style=""> because </span><span class="gmail_default" style="">quantum mechanics can explain why certain chemicals in strawberries reflect red photons of light but absorb blue and green photons of light. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Whatever has a red (or redness) quality is just a brute physical fact </i></font></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>OK<span class="gmail_default" style="">,</span> so what are we arguing about?<span class="gmail_default" style=""> A certain arrangement of on and off switches produces the redness quality. </span> </b></font></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>It also must be a physical fact that something in the brain behaves as it does because of its subjective quality.</i></font></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>You're never going to get a good explanation for the existence of<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>subjectivity by simply<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span>invoking more subjectivity, objectivity must come into the picture someplace!<span class="gmail_default" style=""> </span><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent">Y</span><span style="background-color:transparent">ou want an explanation for the existence of the objectivity<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">-</span></span><span style="background-color:transparent">subjectivity bridge,</span><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent"> you want to start with something objective and end with something subjective, but postulating subjectivity at both ends of the bridge, as you're doing in the above, is not going to get you there. </span></b></font></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent"><font size="4" style="" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>As I said before, a good explanation means breaking up something that is complicated and confusing into its simplest and easiest to understand parts, so you have only 3 possible courses of action:</b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>1) Accept my explanation. </b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>2) Find something simpler and easier to understand than on and off (I don't think that's possible but you're welcome to try). </b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>3) Claim that brute facts do not exist because iterated sequences of "why" and "how" questions always go on forever. </b></font></span></div><div><span class="gmail_default" style=""><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><br></b></font></span></div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>But if #3 is true then your investigations are not going to make any progress; or to put it another way, in the next thousand years you'll make exactly as much progress thinking about the nature of consciousness as philosophers have made in the last thousand years thinking about the nature of consciousness, and that would be <u>ZERO</u>. It would be a complete waste of time, pointless navel gazing.</b></font><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span style="background-color:transparent"><span class="gmail_default" style=""><br></span></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span style="background-color:transparent"><span class="gmail_default" style="">John K Clark</span></span></b></font></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jun 24, 2026 at 12:37 PM John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jun 24, 2026 at 10:29 AM Ben Zaiboc via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>I just wanted to reiterate that nothing physical, like for instance a neurotransmitter, has the kind of 'qualities' we talk about when referring to colours (e.g. redness, etc.).This should be obvious when you consider how many types of red there are (many, many more than the number of neurotransmitters our brains use), then how many different types of green, and blue, and yellow, etc., etc. Then there are all the other sensations we are capable of experiencing.<br>There are probably more different types and variations of possible qualia than there are atoms in the universe, so they cannot possibly be inherent in or dependent on specific pieces of matter. There simply isn't enough of it /in the entire universe/, let alone in a single brain.<br>If you come up with some way for a small number of molecules to combine together in different ways, though, things are very different. Molecule x in molecular aggregate A can signify something entirely different from the same molecule in aggregate B. This is how an atronomical number of different proteins can be made from 22 amino acids<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">. </span>Unending complexity can be, and is, built from small numbers of simple things. We know this from physics, from biochemistry, and from biology. It's a pattern we see again and again in nature.<br>So rather than asking "what molecules have what physical qualities that are equivalent or relevant to mental states?" (which leads to the above problem of there not being enough molecules in existence), we need to ask "what simple processes in the brain can be combined in endless ways to produce the vast variety of mental states that brains can experience?". The answer is glaringly obvious, when you know how neurons work.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> T</span>o drive this point home, imagine that in the early days of computing, instead of using holes punched in cards or tape to represent zeros and ones which can be combined in various ways to produce a hierarchy of codes that could be assigned to an endless variety of meanings, we instead started with the meanings themselves, and used chemicals in small areas on the cards, with each meaning being assigned to a different chemical compound. Waving away the problems of producing and reading the different chemicals, how far would computing have got? Would "sodium borate = homesickness, silver nitrate = black with the faintest tinge of crimson, etc., etc., etc..." actually be practical?<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span>Complex things are made of simpler things. All the ordinary matter in the universe is made of neutrons, protons and electrons. All the staggering complexity of physical things boils down to that.<br>In the same way, all mental states, no matter how complex, are made of two pieces of information, ON and OFF, combined together in a huge variety of ways. This is what red is, this is what homesickness is. The infinitely large space of possible thoughts boils down to ON and OFF, nothing else. The physical properties of molecules are not only unnecessary, but totally insignificant in comparison.</i><br></blockquote><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I agree with all of that.<span class="gmail_default"> </span></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></font></div><div class="gmail_quote"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">John K Clark</span></b></font></div></div></blockquote></div><br>
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