<div dir="auto">The formulas around the physical limits of computation paint a clear picture on the trade offs.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Mass defines total computations per second, which may be parallel or serial.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Black holes represent the maximum clock speed for a serial computations that must touch every bit.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Less dense volumes provide more memory for a given mass of computer, but at correspondingly slower clock speeds than when that matter is compressed to the density of a black hole. Here is table with some examples:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">See page 213:</div><div dir="auto"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dnQ-suYTQ984_nB3uVr9AWN2Zet3RnMj/view?usp=drivesdk">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dnQ-suYTQ984_nB3uVr9AWN2Zet3RnMj/view?usp=drivesdk</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So comparing 1 Kg of computronium spread across a 1 meter radius (diffuse), vs. computronium at black hole densities where 1 Kg is compressed to a radius of 1.49 × 10^−27 meters (dense):</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Memory diffuse: 1.79 × 10^43 bits</div><div dir="auto">Memory dense: 2.65 × 10^16 bits</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The diffuse computronium has way more memory to work with. The dense computer has only a few KB. But now compare serial clock speed:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Clock rate diffuse: 3.00 × 10^8 Hz</div><div dir="auto">Clock rate dense: 2.02 × 10^35 Hz</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So the diffuse computronium operates at Pentium 2 levels of speed, a few hundred MHz.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So there are rather severe memory and speed trade offs, even when dealing with the best physically possible computer.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">You might think, well just add more mass to the computer, collapse the Jupiter brain planet into a Jupiter brain black hole. That would increase the memory considerably (to ~10^71 bits) but it would also reduce the clock speed even further, as the Jupiter black hole has a radius of 2.8 meters, it's clock time (time to access any bit) would be r/c = 9.33 nanoseconds, for a clock rate of 107 MHz.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If you want speed and memory, a better engineering compromise is required. A bunch of small and dense computers running in parallel on their own dedicated tasks, and networked and positioned near to, those other computers they might need the outputs they produce. Perhaps this isn't too different from the current generation of CPUs or GPUs with many cores, shared memory and various levels of caches for each processor, clustered in data centers with high speed networking between them.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jason </div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jul 30, 2026, 6:50 PM John Clark via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><div style="margin:0px;min-width:0px;padding:0px 0px 20px;width:auto;font-family:"Google Sans",Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><div><div id="m_80388749651363828gmail-:18t" style="direction:ltr;margin:8px 0px 0px;padding:0px;font-size:0.875rem;overflow-x:hidden"><div id="m_80388749651363828gmail-:18s" style="direction:ltr;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:small;line-height:1.5;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;overflow:auto hidden"><div id="m_80388749651363828gmail-avWBGd-51"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;background-color:transparent">On Wed, Jul 29, 2026 at 12:42 PM Keith Henson via extropy-chat <<a href="mailto:extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">extropy-chat@lists.extropy.org</a>> wrote:</span></div></div></span><div class="gmail_quote" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="color:inherit"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><div><font size="4" face="georgia, serif"><i><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">> </span>Light speed has always been my objection to physically large brains.</i></font></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>I think Mr. Jupiter <span class="gmail_default">B</span>rain<span class="gmail_default"> will be composed of billions or trillions of closely interlocked agents just as many modern AI's are, although they usually only have a few hundred. Some of those agents would be generalists and some of them would be specialists. </span><span style="background-color:transparent">Jupiter is about 85,000 miles in diameter</span><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent">, light travels at 186,000 miles a second. So <u>AT MOST</u> it would take about 0.46 seconds for one agent to send a message to another, and about 0.9 seconds for it to receive a reply. Except for very short messages that demand a near instantaneous yes or no answer, and there wouldn't be many of them, this delay would cause few problems and be compensated for by the fact that the bandwidth between agents would be <u>VASTLY</u> wider than the one the human brain uses to communicate between one side of the brain and the other. </span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent"><br></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b>Humans seem to have something similar to <span class="gmail_default">a</span>gent<span class="gmail_default">s going on inside their heads, but the extremely narrow bandwidth between agents means that a big improvement in one often has little improvement in any other agent. That's why somebody might be the best human chess player in the world but not be particularly good at doing anything else. </span><span class="gmail_default" style="background-color:transparent"><br></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default"><br></span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"><b><span class="gmail_default">John K Clark</span></b></font></div></div></div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div><div id="m_80388749651363828gmail-avWBGd-52" style="clear:both"></div></div></div><br></div></div>
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