<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div class="msg-7715875531699716920"><div lang="EN-US" style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="m_-7715875531699716920WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"> <span style="background-color:transparent;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">On Fri, Sep 18, 2026 <</span><a href="mailto:spike@rainier66.com" target="_blank" style="background-color:transparent;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">spike@rainier66.com</a><span style="background-color:transparent;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">> wrote:</span></font></p></div></div></div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="msg-7715875531699716920"><div lang="EN-US" style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div class="m_-7715875531699716920WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u></p><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif">>…As I said before, that is a silly thing to say because electrical energy is fungible….</span></b></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif"><i>But in the case of data centers, fungibility is specifically countermanded. They are to generate their own power. </i></span></p></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><b style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><u>ME</u>: <span style="background-color:transparent">In the USA do all data centers generate their own power?</span></font></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><b style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><span style="background-color:transparent"><br></span></font></b></div><div class="gmail_default" style=""><b style=""><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="4"><span style="background-color:transparent"><u>GROK</u>: " </span></font></b><font size="4"><strong style="background-color:transparent"><u>No</u>.</strong><span style="background-color:transparent"> Most data centers in the United States do not generate their own primary power; they primarily draw electricity from the local utility grid.</span></font></div><div>
<p dir="auto" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><font size="4">Data centers have three main ways to obtain power:</font></p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li><font size="4">Buying from the local utility (the most common approach historically and currently for the majority of facilities).</font></li>
<li><font size="4">Power purchase agreements (PPAs), often for renewable attributes.</font></li>
<li><font size="4">Self-supply via behind-the-meter (on-site or co-located) generation, sometimes called “bring your own power.”</font></li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><font size="4">Historically and for existing facilities, grid power has been the default. Nearly all data centers also maintain on-site backup generators (typically diesel) for outages, but these are not primary power sources.</font></p>
<p dir="auto" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><font size="4">A growing minority of (especially large AI/hyperscale) projects are adding or planning significant on-site generation—mostly natural gas turbines or engines, with some solar + storage, fuel cells, or future nuclear—to bypass multi-year grid interconnection delays. Estimates for planned capacity show roughly 25–30% of new/planned U.S. data center capacity involving behind-the-meter generation in recent analyses (tens of GW announced, though only a small fraction is currently operational). Projections for 2030 suggest that around 27% of facilities might rely fully on on-site generation and a higher share (e.g., ~30–38%) may use at least some, up sharply from near-zero or ~1% in prior years.</font></p>
<p dir="auto" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><font size="4">Even among those adopting on-site power, many still prefer or plan eventual grid connections for reliability, cost, and flexibility, using on-site generation as a bridge or supplement rather than a complete permanent replacement. Complete off-grid operation remains uncommon.</font></p>
<p dir="auto" style="white-space-collapse: preserve;"><font size="4">In short, while self-generation is rising rapidly due to AI-driven demand and grid constraints, it is far from universal—most U.S. data centers still rely primarily on the grid.<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">"</span></font></p></div><div></div><div><font size="4"><br></font></div><div><font size="4"><br></font></div><div><br></div></div></div>