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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">The
following story hints that galaxies formed in the darkness of the great gravity
wars roughly 400,000 years After the Big Bang (400,000 ABB). These
proto-galaxies, these huge gravitational clumps, were ovoid, spinning, and would
have looked like primitive, potato-shaped galaxies if we’d been able to see
them.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>But we would not have seen
them.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>They’d have been utterly
dark.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Slowly (actually rapidly in cosmic time)
gravity balled together the fists of black holes at these galaxies’ hearts.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>…until those black holes heart—the
ultimate destroyers—began to birth stars.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Thus the great destroyers were also the great creators. And the
competition and pre-biotic carnage of the gravity crusades led to the empires of
circling stars we now see as galaxies. Howard</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Retrieved January 20, 2005, from the World Wide Web<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050111090727.htm Source:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Date: 2005-01-20 Print this page Email to
friend Good News From Big Bad Black Holes<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>LIVERMORE, Calif. -- Astronomers have discovered how ominous<B> black
holes can create life in the form of new stars</B>, <B>proving that jet-induced
star formation may have played an important role in the formation of galaxies in
the early universe.</B> <IMG SRC="cid:X.MA1.1106282605@aol.com" height=276 width=300 v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" DATASIZE="12795" ID="MA1.1106282605" ></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><A href="aoldb://mail/write/..\text\black%20hole%20spewing%20stars.jpeg"><FONT face="Times New Roman">..\text\black hole spewing stars.jpeg</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>This
false-color image incorporates infrared data (invisible to the human eye).
<B>The blue regions</B> (essentially the whole of Minkowski’s Object)<B> show
enhanced star formation</B>.<B> The red background galaxy and two red foreground
stars</B> appear in sharp contrast. The red overlay is the radio jet. (Image
courtesy of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Related News Stories<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Galaxies And Black Holes: You Can't Have
One Without The Other (February 20, 2001) -- Galaxies and black holes are so
intimately connected that it is almost impossible to find one without the other,
according to University of Michigan astronomer Douglas Richstone. ... > full
story<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Which Came First: Black Hole
Or Galaxy? (January 14, 2000) -- U-M astronomer says black holes formed early
and influenced galactic ... > full story<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Astrophysicists Discover Massive Forming
Galaxies (September 19, 2003) -- A Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
astrophysicist, in collaboration with international researchers, has found
evidence for the synchronous formation of massive, luminous elliptical galaxies
in ... > full story<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Black Holes
In Distant Galaxies Point To Wild Youth, Chandra Discovers (June 5, 2002) --
Like 'flower power' tattoos on aging ex-hippy baby boomers, unexpectedly large
numbers of neutron stars and black holes in elliptical galaxies suggest some of
these galaxies lived through a ... > full story<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>> more related stories Related
section: Space & Time Click Here<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>Using the Very Large Array (VLA) at the National Radio Astronomy
Observatory in New Mexico, the Keck telescopes in Hawaii and the Hubble Space
Telescope, astronomers Wil van Breugel and Steve Croft have shown that
"Minkowski’s Object," a peculiar starburst system in the NGC 541 radio galaxy,
formed when a radio jet – undetectable in visible light but revealed by radio
observations– emitted from a black hole collided with dense gas.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The researchers carried out the
observations after computer simulations at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory by Chris Fragile, Peter Anninos and Stephen Murray had shown that
jets may trigger the collapse of interstellar clouds and induce star
formation.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The astronomers will
present their findings today at the American Astronomical Society 205th national
meeting, in San Diego, Calif.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>"Some
20 years ago this kind of thinking was thought to be science fiction," said van
Breugel, who along with Croft works at the Laboratory’s Institute for Geophysics
and Planetary Physics. "It brings poetic justice to black holes because we think
of them as sucking things in, but we’ve shown that when a jet emits from a black
hole, it can bring new life by collapsing clouds and creating new stars."<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Radio jets are formed when material
falls into massive black holes. Magnetic fields around the black holes
accelerate electrons to almost the speed of light. These electrons are then
propelled out in narrow jets and radiate at radio frequencies because of their
motion in the magnetic fields. The jets may affect the formation of stars when
they collide with dense gas.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>But
only recently have van Breugel and Croft figured out how this happens. The
regions between stars in a galaxy are filled with mainly gas and dust, and are
commonly called the interstellar medium. The gas appears primarily in two forms
as cold clouds of atomic or molecular hydrogen or as hot ionized hydrogen near
young stars.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In the case of the
recent discovery, the Livermore researchers observed that when a radio jet ran
into a hot dense hydrogen medium in NGC 541, the medium started to cool down and
formed a large neutral hydrogen cloud and, in turn, triggered star formation.
Although the cloud did not emit visible radiation, it was detected by its radio
frequency emission.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>"The formation
of massive black holes is critical to the formation of new galaxies," Croft
said.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Van Breugel, who has been
studying black holes since his days as a postdoctoral fellow more than 20 years
ago, said the recent observations are another good reason to study the
relationship between black holes and early galaxies. He said the conditions his
team saw in NGC 541 may be important in understanding the formation of galaxies
in the early universe.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>"Our
observations show that jets from black holes can trigger extra star formation.
In the early universe this process may be important because the galaxies are
still young, with lots of hydrogen gas but few stars, and the black holes are
more active," he said.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>According to
the big bang theory, the universe is believed to have originated approximately
13.5 billion years ago from a cosmic explosion that hurled matter in all
directions.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Although van Breugel
and Croft observed the jets by using the VLA, Keck and Hubbel images, they also
said that the Livermore computer simulations by Fragile, Anninos and Murray were
crucial to verify that this is happening.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>NGC 541 is approximately 216 million light years from Earth and is
roughly half the size of the Milky Way.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>In addition to van Breugel and Croft, other collaborators on the project
include W. de Vries, UC Davis; J. H. van Gorkom, Columbia University; R.
Morganti and T. Osterloo, ASTRON, Netherlands; M. Dopita, Australian National
University; C. Fragile, UC Santa Barbara; and Anninos and Murray, LLNL.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Founded in 1952, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory is a national security laboratory, with a mission to ensure
national security and apply science and technology to the important issues of
our time. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is managed by the University of
California for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Editor's Note: The
original news release can be found here.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>This story has been adapted from a news release issued by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory. Can't find it? Try searching ScienceDaily or the
entire web with: Google Web sciencedaily.com<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Search Our Archives Find: in: from: to
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ScienceDaily LLC | Contact: editor@sciencedaily.com ——————— </FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT lang=0 face=Arial size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" PTSIZE="10">----------<BR>Howard Bloom<BR>Author of The Lucifer Principle: A
Scientific Expedition Into the Forces of History and Global Brain: The Evolution
of Mass Mind From The Big Bang to the 21st Century<BR>Visiting Scholar-Graduate
Psychology Department, New York University; Core Faculty Member, The Graduate
Institute<BR>www.howardbloom.net<BR>www.bigbangtango.net<BR>Founder:
International Paleopsychology Project; founding board member: Epic of Evolution
Society; founding board member, The Darwin Project; founder: The Big Bang Tango
Media Lab; member: New York Academy of Sciences, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, American Psychological Society, Academy of Political
Science, Human Behavior and Evolution Society, International Society for Human
Ethology; advisory board member: Youthactivism.org; executive editor -- New
Paradigm book series.<BR>For information on The International Paleopsychology
Project, see: www.paleopsych.org<BR>for two chapters from <BR>The Lucifer
Principle: A Scientific Expedition Into the Forces of History, see
www.howardbloom.net/lucifer<BR>For information on Global Brain: The Evolution of
Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century, see
www.howardbloom.net<BR></FONT></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>