[ExI] Non-European PhDs In Germany Find Use Of 'Doktor' Verboten

[Amara Graps]

That's a silly policy, but titles still carry some weight in Germany.
And usually you need a second PhD (called Habilitation [1]) to teach
there, even though some rules at some universities have changed.

At the other end of the spectrum is Italy, where one can be called a
'Dr.' after a Laurea degree [2], there is even a shorter Laurea begun in
Berlusconi's last period, so one could legally (in Italy) be called a
Dr. after just a few years of university. And if you meet an Italian
older than their later 50s with a PhD after their name, then they did
not earn their PhD in Italy, since the PhD didn't exist (the PhD was
offered in Italy starting in the middle 80s).

Frau Doktor Graps


References
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurea
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Amara Graps, PhD      www.amara.com
Research Scientist, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), Boulder, Colorado