[ExI] Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Question

[Dennis May]

http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-10-supernovae-universe-expansion-understood-dark.html

"While the concept of light’s least-time path seems to be capable 
of explaining the supernovae data in agreement with the rest of 
our observations of the universe, Annila notes that it would be 
even more appealing if this one theoretical concept could solve
a few problems at the same time. And it may – Annila shows 
that, when gravitational lensing is analyzed with this concept, 
it does not require dark matter to explain the results.
Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts that massive objects, 
such as galaxies, cause light to bend due to the way their gravity 
distorts spacetime, and scientists have observed that this is exactly 
what happens. The problem is that the deflection seems to be larger
than what all of the known (luminous) matter can account for, 
prompting researchers to investigate the possibility of dark 
(nonluminous) matter.
However, when Annila used Maupertuis’ principle of least action 
to analyze how much a galaxy of a certain mass should deflect 
passing light, he calculated the total deflection to be about five 
times larger than the value given by general relativity. In other 
words, the observed deflections require less mass than previously 
thought, and it can be entirely accounted for by the known matter 
in galaxies."

Dennis May
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